49. What is npm and what are its main functions?

npm (Node Package Manager) is a package manager for JavaScript that is installed with Node.js. It is widely used in the JavaScript ecosystem for managing dependencies and libraries.

Main functions of npm:

1. Package management: npm allows you to install, update, and remove JavaScript libraries and tools.
2. npm registry: A public registry where you can publish and download packages.
3. npm scripts: Enables defining scripts to automate tasks such as building, testing, and deploying projects.
4. Version management: npm allows managing package versions to ensure compatibility with dependencies.

Examples of npm commands:

• Installing a package:

npm install <package-name>

• Installing a package globally:

npm install -g <package-name>

• Running a script defined in package.json:

npm run <script-name>

npm is an essential tool for JavaScript developers, enabling efficient dependency management and process automation.