12. What is ARIA and how does it improve web accessibility?

ARIA (Accessible Rich Internet Applications) is a set of attributes that can be added to HTML tags to improve the accessibility of web pages for people with disabilities. ARIA helps ensure that interactive elements on the page are accessible to screen readers and other assistive technologies.

Examples of using ARIA:

1. Describing the role of an element:

<button aria-label="Close window">X</button>

2. Indicating the state of an element:

<div role="checkbox" aria-checked="false">Option</div>

3. Adding a description:

<img src="image.jpg" alt="" aria-describedby="description">
<div id="description">This is the image description.</div>

ARIA is crucial for creating web pages that are accessible to all users, including those using assistive technologies. By adding appropriate ARIA attributes, you can significantly enhance the experience for users with disabilities.