8. What are some common security risks in web development and how can they be mitigated?

Web development involves several security risks that need to be addressed to protect both the application and its users. Some common security risks include:

1. Cross-Site Scripting (XSS): An attacker injects malicious scripts into web pages viewed by other users. Mitigation involves sanitizing user inputs, using Content Security Policy (CSP), and escaping data before rendering it on the client side.

2. Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF): An attacker tricks a user into performing actions on a web application where they are authenticated. Mitigation involves using anti-CSRF tokens, SameSite cookies, and validating HTTP headers.

3. SQL Injection: An attacker injects malicious SQL queries into input fields. Mitigation involves using prepared statements, parameterized queries, and ORM libraries that handle SQL injection prevention.

4. Insecure Direct Object References (IDOR): An attacker accesses resources by manipulating URL parameters. Mitigation involves implementing proper authorization checks and avoiding predictable resource identifiers.

5. Security Misconfigurations: Incorrectly configured servers, databases, or frameworks. Mitigation involves following best practices for configuration, regularly updating software, and performing security audits.

6. Sensitive Data Exposure: Exposing sensitive data such as passwords or credit card numbers. Mitigation involves using HTTPS, encrypting sensitive data, and implementing proper access controls.

7. Broken Authentication and Session Management: Flaws in authentication and session management can allow attackers to compromise user accounts. Mitigation involves using secure authentication mechanisms, implementing strong session management practices, and enforcing password policies.

Addressing these security risks requires a comprehensive approach, including secure coding practices, regular security testing, and staying informed about the latest security threats and best practices.